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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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040389
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04038900.062
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1990-09-22
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MEDICINE, Page 71One Womb to AnotherA historic fetal-cell transplant may have saved a boy's life
The French parents were distraught and desperate. Soon after
their firstborn child died at seven months of a rare form of immune
deficiency, they received more heartbreaking news. Their second
baby, due in August of last year, was suffering from the same,
nearly always fatal hereditary disorder, called bare lymphocyte
syndrome. They could have aborted the child or allowed doctors to
try the same kind of white-blood-cell transplant after birth that
had failed with their firstborn. But the couple, who prefer to
remain anonymous, chose a historic third option: to let their child
receive the first ever transplant of human fetal cells to a child
in the womb.
The experiment took place without publicity last June, and was
only recently described at a medical meeting in Paris. The
operation was performed when the child, David, was a 30-week-old
fetus. So far, the results have been remarkable. Though he has been
confined since birth to a germ-free flexible plastic bubble in
order to protect him from the outside world, David, now seven
months old, appears to have an immune system that is on the mend.
If all goes well, David could leave his sterile prison by summer's
end. Though his survival is not assured, the experiment could help
researchers develop ways to correct other inherited, and
congenital, disorders through the transplantation of fetal cells.
The unprecedented procedure was performed by two prominent
physicians in Lyons: Dr. Jean-Louis Touraine, an immunologist at
Edouard-Herriot Hospital, and Dr. Daniel Raudrant, an obstetrician
at Hotel Dieu Hospital. The doctors wanted to treat David while he
was still in his mother's womb because they thought if the
procedure was done early, it would have better odds of succeeding.
They took 7 cc of liquid, containing about 16 million immune cells
from the liver and thymus of two aborted fetuses, and injected the
material into David's umbilical cord. After he was born, David
received an injection of more cells. Blood tests indicate that the
transplanted cells have multiplied in David's liver, spleen and
bone marrow -- signs that his immune system may become normal.
His doctors remain cautious. "We're not out of the woods yet,"
said Raudrant. But the boy at least has a chance at a better fate
than another immune-deficient David: the American "bubble boy" who
spent nearly all his twelve years of life in isolation before he
died in Houston in 1984.
The use of aborted fetuses for medical purposes is a promising
but highly controversial field. Doctors have transplanted fetal
organs into infants and used fetal cells to treat Parkinson's
disease in adults. Right-to-life advocates object strongly to such
procedures unless the fetus comes from a mother who has had a
miscarriage. But to David's parents, the issue was clear-cut: only
aborted fetuses were available, and without the transplanted cells
their boy would have had virtually no chance of survival.